3mfbio

Documentation

Understanding the format

standardized structure provides a comprehensive framework for bioprinting parameters. Here’s a breakdown of the organization:

  1. Print Parameters:
    • Deposition: Focuses on the bioink extrusion process.
    • Nozzle: Describes the characteristics of the printing nozzle.
    • Temperature: Covers various temperature settings.
    • Motion: Defines the precision of the printer’s movements.
  2. Material Parameters:
    • Identification: Basic information to identify the material.
    • Physical Properties: Characteristics that affect printing behavior.
    • Chemical Properties: Composition and reactivity of the bioink.
    • Biological Properties: Relevant for cell-laden bioinks.

Each parameter is defined with a name, unit (where applicable), and data type. This structure allows for:

  1. Consistency: All bioprinting files using this extension will have a uniform way of specifying parameters.
  2. Extensibility: New parameters can be added to each category as needed.
  3. Clarity: The subdivision into categories makes it easier to understand and use the format.
  4. Flexibility: Not all parameters need to be used for every print job, allowing for adaptability to different bioprinting technologies.

To use this in a 3MF file, we could implement it like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bioprinting xmlns="http://3mfbio.com/documentation">
  <print-parameters>
    <pressure-control>
      <print-pressure unit="mbar">1000</print-pressure>
    </pressure-control>
    <material-deposition>
      <flow-rate unit="μL/s">0.1</flow-rate>
      <feed-rate unit="mm/s">5</feed-rate>
    </material-deposition>
    <temperature-control>
      <nozzle-temperature unit="celsius">37</nozzle-temperature>
      <cartridge-temperature>
        <heating unit="celsius">40</heating>
        <cooling unit="celsius">4</cooling>
      </cartridge-temperature>
    </temperature-control>
    <crosslinking>
      <method>IR</method>
      <duration unit="seconds">30</duration>
      <intensity>
        <wavelength unit="nm">850</wavelength>
        <power unit="watts">5</power>
      </intensity>
    </crosslinking>
  </print-parameters>
</bioprinting>

Bioprinting Parameters for Pressure-Assisted Extrusion

  • Motion Control
    • Print speed (mm/s)
    • Finish speed (mm/s)
    • Move speed (mm/s)
    • Z hop (mm)
    • Z hop minimum span (mm)
    • Z hop (object) (mm)
  • Pressure Control
    • Print pressure (kPa or PSI)
    • Vacuum pressure (kPa or PSI)
    • Vacuum duration (retract only) (ms)
  • Nozzle Settings
    • Nozzle diameter (mm)
    • Nozzle length (mm)
    • Nozzle shape (e.g., conical, cylindrical)
  • Material Deposition
    • Flow rate (μL/s)
    • Extrusion multiplier
  • Layer Settings
    • Layer height (mm)
    • First layer height (mm)
    • Shell count
    • Shell thickness (mm)
    • Top layers
    • Bottom layers
    • Solid layers
  • Infill Settings
    • Infill density (%)
    • Infill pattern
      • Grid
      • Gyroid
      • Triangular
      • Hexagonal
      • Concentric
      • Rectilinear
    • Infill overlap (%)
  • Support Structure
    • Support density (%)
    • Support pattern
    • Pillar size (mm)
    • Part offset (mm)
    • Gap layers
    • Max bridge length (mm)
    • Min area (mm²)
    • Support expansion (mm)
  • Special Features
    • Shell coasting (boolean)
    • Vacuum (hold) (boolean)
    • Vacuum (retract) (boolean)
  • First Layer Settings
    • First layer print speed (mm/s)
    • First layer extrusion width (%)
    • First layer temperature offset (°C)
  • Skirt/Brim
    • Skirt count
    • Skirt offset (mm)
    • Brim width (mm)
  • Temperature Control
    • Nozzle temperature (°C)
    • Bed temperature (°C)
    • Chamber temperature (°C)
  • Cooling
    • Fan speed (%)
    • Minimum layer time (s)
    • Lift head on cooling (boolean)
  • Retraction Settings
    • Retraction distance (mm)
    • Retraction speed (mm/s)
    • Minimum travel for retraction (mm)
    • Maximum retraction count
  • Multihead Printing (for multi-material bioprinting)
    • Tool change retraction distance (mm)
    • Tool change extra restart distance (mm)
    • Tool change temperature offset (°C)
  • Crosslinking (if applicable)
    • Crosslinking method (e.g., UV, ionic, thermal)
    • Crosslinking duration (s)
    • Crosslinking intensity (for UV)
  • Post-Processing
    • Post-curing time (min)
    • Post-curing temperature (°C)
  • Slicing-Specific Parameters
    • Slicing algorithm (e.g., grid, voxel-based)
    • Slicing resolution (mm)
  • Material-Specific Parameters
    • Material viscosity (mPa·s)
    • Material density (g/cm³)
    • Material concentration (% w/v)
    • Shear-thinning behavior profile

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